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Home > Walks > Region > North West England > Manchester Victorian Return to Walks

Slums, squalor and salvation

Discover how religious organisations helped the poor in Victorian Manchester

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1840. Manchester is booming. Its cotton industry is world famous. But life expectancy is just 26.

The story of Victorian Manchester is usually one which celebrates industrial expansion, technological advancements and economic growth. But there was another side. For ordinary people who worked in the mills and factories, life was hard, poverty was widespread and life expectancy was very short.

On this walk, you will discover another side of nineteenth century Manchester: teeming slums and squalid living conditions, widespread disease and chronic health conditions, child labour and illiteracy, drinking and prostitution.

In those days, the state did not provide any financial or material support to the poor. But many religious people were moved by the appalling living conditions of the working classes and decided to do something about it. Find out about the institutions that provided a variety of welfare services and made the difference between life and death for the urban poor.

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Walk Info

Distance:

3 miles

Level:
A largely flat route around the city centre and its fringes

tooltipA largely flat route around the city centre and its fringes

Suitable for:
An entirely step-free route

tooltipAn entirely step-free route

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Region:
North West England
Setting:
Towns & Cities
Landscape:
Historic landscapes People in the landscape Built landscapes
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Start:
Manchester Victoria station
Finish:
Manchester Cathedral
Getting there:

tooltipEasily accessible from M6 and M62

tooltipNearest stations Manchester Victoria and Manchester Piccadilly

tooltipWell served by long distance coaches and local bus services

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Manchester Victorian

Terraced housing in Crown Lane (1899)
© Manchester Libraries

Manchester Victorian

Charter Street Ragged School (est. 1866)
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain

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Route map

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Photo Gallery

Here is a selection of things that you might see on the walk - click on an image to view full size

The Methodist Women’s Home offered help to 'fallen' women and girls
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Applicants for the Methodist Mission Labour Yard (1893)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Terraced houses in Crown Lane, Angel Meadow (1899)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Wood Street Mission (founded 1869) included a Working Men's Church, Street Children's Mission and Boys' Home
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The houses in Anita Street each had their own outside toilet marking the start of a new era in housing quality
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Plaque commemorating the Peterloo Massacre
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
A Wood Street Mission holiday camp at St Annes on Sea (1910)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
The YMCA building, opened in 1912, was innovative in style and designed deliberately to look different from other public buildings in Manchester
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
A full house at the Free Trade Hall (1865)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Entrance to Charter Street Working Girls’ Home
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Friedrich Engels around the time that he lived in Manchester and wrote The Condition of the Working Class in England
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
The construction of model houses in George Leigh Street with the new Victoria Square tenements in the background at left (1898)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Charter Street Ragged School and Working Girls’ Home
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Alleyways off Corporation Street, Angel Meadow (c.1908)
From St Michael’s Flags and Angel Meadow: Then and Now
Angel Meadow, formerly a paupers' graveyard, is now a quiet urban park thanks to the work of local volunteers
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Sharp Street Ragged School, established 1853, has now been converted into offices
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
A Band of Hope workers’ rally at the Free Trade Hall (1908)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
The size and design of many religious buildings in Manchester - such as the YMCA - indicates their influence and popularity at the time
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Victoria Station (1870)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Manchester YMCA was opened in 1912 and aimed to develop more complete men - a concept known at the time as ‘Muscular Christianity'
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The façade is all that now remains of the Free Trade Hall
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Detail on the Wood Street Mission building
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The gymnasium at Manchester YMCA (1910)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
The Quaker Friends Meeting House (built 1829) was one of the key centres of anti-slavery campaigning in the UK
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Victoria Square, completed in 1894, was the first municipal housing built by the Manchester Corporation
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Gravestones on the site of St Michael and All Angels Church
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The Coffee Tavern at the Methodist Women's Shelter (1893)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
Decorative tiles and mosaic at Victoria Station
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The congregation of Cross Street Chapel was comparatively small but highly influential in the civic, cultural and public life of Manchester
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Study For St Michael And All Angels, Angel Meadow (1933)
© The Estate of LS Lowry. All Rights Reserved, DACS 2012
Ragged schools were found across Victorian Britain and provided free education to the most destitute youngsters
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The Methodist Homeless Men's Club (1909)
By kind permission of Manchester Libraries
The Methodist Men’s Hostel in Hood Street offered accommodation to men seeking casual labour
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Each of the engravings on the Free Trade Hall depicts a different trade important to Manchester's economy
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Sanitary Street - the first housing with private toilets - was renamed Anita Street
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
McConnel and Company mills (c.1820) was one of hundreds of cotton mills in industrial Manchester 
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
The Methodist Mission's Albert Hall could hold 2,000 people in the main auditorium
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Windows of Victoria Square tenements
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain

Fountain in Albert Square
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Ragged schools were where destitute children received basic education and practical training in skills such as carpentry
Illustrated London News (17 December 1853) © The National Archives
William Gaskell, the minister at Cross Street Chapel from 1828 to 1884 
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
Victoria Station was the hub of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The Methodist Men’s Hostel in Hood Street, opened in 1903, replaced a smaller hostel nearby
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
The Methodist Central Hall was deliberately designed to look more like a public building than a church
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Angel Meadow has been a burial ground, an open space for cock-fighting, a children's playground and now an urban park
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Study For The Playground (1927)
© The Estate of LS Lowry. All Rights Reserved, DACS 2012
People queuing for food and coal tickets during the Lancashire Cotton Famine (1862)
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
Elizabeth Gaskell, whose novels critically explored the relationships between rich and poor and the role of women in Victorian society
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
There are still many spectcular Victorian buildings across Manchester - this ragged school is still in use as a school
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
Detail on the Methodist Central Hall
Rory Walsh © RGS-IBG Discovering Britain
George Williams (1887), founder of the YMCA movement
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
A peaceful protest against the price of corn resulted in the Peterloo Massacre in 1819
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
Cross Street Chapel (1835), many of whose members campaigned for social and educational reform
Wikimedia Commons (Creative Commons License)
The Methodist Mission's Albert Hall was used for promoting abstinence from alcohol - ironically the building is now a pub and club
© Stanley Walker, Geograph (Creative Commons License)

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Learn more

Find out more about the walk story and places of interest along the route

External links open in a new window


The condition of the working class in England

Friedrich Engels

Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2006

The emergence of stability in the industrial city: Manchester, 1832-67

Martin Hewitt

Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1996

The Guardian

Unearthing Manchester's Victorian slums (28 Aug 2009)

http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2009/aug/28/archaeology-manchester-victorian-slums

Irish migrant responses to urban life in early nineteenth century Manchester

MA Busteed and RI Hodgson

Geographical Journal 162/2 (1996), pp139-53

Local Heritage Initiative

St Michael’s Flags and Angel Meadow – Then and Now

discoveringbritain/more info documents/Manchester - St Michael's Flags and Angel Meadow.pdf

Manchester UK

Work, Health, Housing and Working People in the City of Manchester

http://www.manchester2002-uk.com/history/victorian/Victorian1.html

Methodist Central Halls: Public Sacred Space

http://methodistcentrahalls.webeden.co.uk/

The public culture of the Victorian middle class: ritual and authority and the English industrial city, 1840-1914

Simon Gunn

Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000

John Rylands University Library

Methodist Archive and Research Centre

http://library.cmsstage.manchester.ac.uk/specialcollections/collections/methodist/

Manchester: a history

Alan Kidd

Lancaster: Carnegie Press, 4th ed. 2006

Manchester City Council Archives and Local Studies

Methodist Records - Manchester Methodists

http://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/448/archives_and_local_studies/4000/methodist_records/3

Manchester YMCA

http://www.yclub.org.uk/

Radisson Edwardian Hotels

Radisson Edwardian Manchester and the Free Trade Hall

http://www.radissonedwardian.com/offers/displayDetail.do?offerId=1477616

Credits

The RGS-IBG would like to thank the following people and organisations for their assistance in producing this Discovering Britain walk

 

Angela Connelly for creating the walk

 

Jenny Lunn for editing the walk materials

 

Rory Walsh for taking photographs

 

Caroline Millar for editing the audio commentary

 

Alex Ricketts for additional assistance with compiling walk resources

 

Manchester Libraries for kind permission to use archive images

 

The Lowry Estate for permission to reproduce Lowry paintings

thank you
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